Occurrence of Irrotational FlowsA question that naturally arises is "Where do we find irrotational flows?". A uniform flow is definitely irrotational. But one hardly finds a uniform flow in nature. Further, there is hardly anything to calculate for a uniform flow.
The other region where we can expect an irrotational flow is away
from any solid body. Recall the "Thought Experiment" with two
parallel plates (What is a Fluid?)when the space in between is filled with a
fluid. Here once the top plate starts moving we have seen that a
velocity gradient is set up in the flow normal direction. This
gives rise to
At the entrance to a pipe as shown in Fig.4.16 one has a uniform flow. As the flow enters the pipe, velocity components are forced to be zero on the surface of the pipe. A boundary layer develops and starts to grow. At the beginning one sees a inviscid core encircled by a boundary layer. The flow in the inviscid core is irrotational. However, as we move downstream the boundary layers grow and merge to give a fully developed flow when the entire flow is NOT irrotational. It is also worth noting that the flow is irrotational wherever Bernoulli equation is valid.
We could foresee from this that an inviscid flow is likely to be
irrotational. In fact it is broadly true except in case of High
Speed flows where shocks could occur. As indicated in Fig. the
region behind a shock in a high speed flow has severe gradients of
velocity making
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