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• 1. Microprocessor and Memory Basics
• What is a microprocessor and where are they used?
• Abstract system architecture
• System communication
  • Data bus, address bus, control bus
  • Reading data from memory
  • Writing data to memory
  • The Address Capacity of Memory
• Inside the microprocessor
  • The Arithmetic and Logic Unit
  • The Program Counter
  • Registers
• Inside memory
  • Memory Read and Write Operations
  • Calculating storage space
  • Address decoders
  • Tri-state buffers
  • Multiple memory chips
  • Other types of memory
  • Memory mapped input/output

Writing data to memory

The process of writing data to memory is usually referred to as storing data to memory from the processor. All three of the system buses are involved in this process.

• 1. Set the address (of the memory location) on the address bus.
• 2. Set the read/write wire of the control bus low (i.e. request a write operation).
• 3. Set the address valid control wire high.
• 4. This address valid signal, together with the value on the address bus will activate the chip select wire on the appropriate memory chip.
• 5. Place the value to be stored onto the data bus.
• 6. The value on the data bus is then written into the correct memory location.
• 7. The read/write wire is now set high, while the address valid and chip select wires can now all be set low.

Both the memory write and the memory read timing diagrams are generic examples. Each processor architecture varies in terms of the signal wire names and the exact timings when signals change.